The tutorial describes how to create a simple web-based chat application using Twilio Conversations and Vue.js. The front-end of the app is built with Vue components, specifically single-file components, which combine HTML templates, JavaScript logic, and CSS styling into one file. The `Chat.vue` component handles user registration, conversation creation, and message sending. The `Conversation.vue` component displays messages received in the past and sets up an event listener for newly received messages. Users can register with a unique name and join conversations to send and receive messages. The app is tested by registering multiple users and attempting to join conversations.