Postgres 17 is now available on Neon, allowing users to quickly set up and test the new features of this latest version. Key improvements include simplified queries using MERGE with RETURNING, generating random integers with the improved random() function, querying JSON data with JSON_TABLE, reducing connection latency with sslnegotiation=direct, and gaining insights into memory usage via EXPLAIN. Neon users can upgrade to Postgres 17 by following a guide on upgrading their Postgres version.