NoSQL databases are a spectrum of data storage technologies that are more different than they are alike, designed to overcome the challenges of high volume, velocity, variety and valence in today's data landscape. Relational databases can no longer handle these challenges, which include rapid changes in data structure, large datasets becoming unwieldy, and dense or sparse, connected or disconnected data. NoSQL databases address these challenges by optimizing for high write loads and having more flexible data models, enabling them to handle a wide diversity of data and flexibly adapt to future data needs. Understanding how NoSQL databases overcome these challenges is crucial in finding the right database for an enterprise use case.