Topology spread constraints in Kubernetes provide a fine-grained control over the distribution of pods across failure domains, ensuring high availability and fault tolerance. They can be used to distribute workloads evenly across nodes, regions, and zones, mitigating the risk of node failures affecting the workload. By configuring topology spread constraints, users can ensure that their workloads stay online even if there is an outage or hardware failure in one zone. These constraints also support rolling update workloads and scaling replicas smoothly. They are more flexible than Pod Affinity/Anti-affinity and can be used alongside other scheduling policies like Node Selector or taints.