Mastering Data Transfer Objects in Laravel helps developers structure data transfer between different layers of an application, enhancing data handling and management. By using DTOs (Data Transfer Objects), developers can encapsulate data into a structured format, reducing complexity, improving type security, and enhancing performance. The tutorial covers the basics of DTOs, their benefits, and how to implement them in Laravel projects. It also showcases use cases for DTOs in API development, form request validation, complex data structures, service classes, and more. By following this tutorial, developers can improve the structure, maintainability, and performance of their Laravel applications.