Google Sheets allows users to easily create various types of charts and graphs from their spreadsheet data, providing a visual representation that can be understood at a glance. The process starts with highlighting the desired data and then selecting the "Insert > Chart" option, which creates a chart and opens the Chart editor side panel for further customization. Users can choose from 18 different types of charts, including pie charts, bar charts, and maps, to visualize their data in various ways. To customize the chart's appearance, users can access the Customize panel and make adjustments such as changing colors, fonts, labels, and more, depending on the type of chart being created. The Chart editor also offers configuration options to adjust the layout and presentation of the chart, allowing users to fine-tune their visualizations to effectively communicate their data insights.