Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the branch of computer science dedicated to studying, developing, and researching techniques necessary to create intelligent machines. Machine learning is a subfield of AI that involves algorithms allowing computers to analyze massive datasets, learn from them, and make decisions based on that data. There are three types of machine learning: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, each suited for different kinds of data and end results. Deep learning is another subfield of machine learning that uses raw data to create neural networks, which are modeled after the human brain and consist of layers of nodes with weights and thresholds. Neural networks are used in many AI-based tools, including those powered by deep learning, such as chatbots like ChatGPT.