The text discusses the limitations of GraphQL in solving the problems of underfetching, overfetching, and waterfall requests. It argues that while GraphQL has some theoretical benefits, it often fails to deliver in practice due to various factors such as the use of persisted operations, batching, and the lack of a standardized approach. The authors propose using Relay and WunderGraph as a solution to these problems by leveraging fragments, persisted operations, and a standardized way of structuring URLs. They claim that this approach can improve performance, security, and maintainability while making GraphQL more accessible and user-friendly.