Role data mapping is crucial when integrating Single Sign-On (SSO) or System for Cross-domain Identity Management (SCIM) with applications. This process involves configuring roles in the identity provider (IdP) and automatically assigning them to users within an application. WorkOS supports role data mapping using SSO or SCIM, allowing IT admins to assign roles during directory setup. Alternatively, custom-mapped attributes can be used if customers do not use groups for user roles management. The choice between SSO and SCIM depends on the specific requirements of each organization.