Identity provisioning is the process of creating, managing, and deactivating user identities and access permissions across various systems and apps. It automates the management of employee access to multiple applications, reducing the complexity for IT departments. Protocols like SAML, SCIM, SPML, LDAP, and JIT enable identity provisioning by facilitating communication between identity providers (IdPs) and service providers (SPs). Automated identity provisioning offers benefits such as increased efficiency, improved security, cost savings, and enhanced compliance for organizations.