Puppeteer, a Node.js library, provides a high-level API to control Chrome or Chromium over the DevTools protocol, allowing developers to write scripts that interact with web pages programmatically. By installing Puppeteer and navigating to a target webpage, developers can use methods like `page.click` and `page.type` to simulate user interactions. They can also use `page.waitFor` and `page.$` to wait for specific elements or selectors to appear on the page. With these capabilities, developers can extract data from web pages in a more dynamic way than static web scraping tools, making it easier to access information that is not available through public APIs.