To send location details on WhatsApp using Node JS, developers need a Twilio account, Node version 8 and above, and the Twilio API for WhatsApp. The process involves setting up a project, activating the WhatsApp sandbox, creating an account token and auth SID, defining the message body, sending the request via Axios, and testing the functionality. With secure end-to-end encryption and the ability to share user contacts, documents, locations, and media, businesses can leverage WhatsApp for customer engagement and notifications.