Svelte and React are two popular JavaScript frameworks for building web applications. Svelte is a newer framework that compiles your code to vanilla JavaScript at build time, whereas React interprets your code at run time. Both frameworks use component-based development, but they differ in their approach to state management and DOM updates. In Svelte, state is created by assigning variables, while in React, you need to use the `useState` hook to manage state. Svelte's templating language allows for dynamic styling, whereas React uses inline styles or CSS classes to achieve similar results. Overall, both frameworks have their strengths and weaknesses, and the choice between them depends on your specific needs and preferences.