The Node.js runtime features that every developer should start using in 2024 include native test runner, native mocking, native test coverage, watch mode, Corepack, .env loader, import.meta support for `__dirname` and `__file`, native timers promises, permissions model, policy module, and others. These features are designed to streamline development processes, enhance application performance, and reinforce security. Using these features can significantly improve the quality of Node.js applications and help developers write more efficient, performant, and secure code.