API management is a set of processes, policies, principles, and practices that allow owners to gain control over their APIs. It involves designing, developing, securing, monetizing, and maintaining the API through its lifecycle, which encompasses various components such as API design types, gateways, analytics, developer portals, lifecycle management, monetization, security, and tools and solutions. Understanding these components is crucial for effective API management, as it enables organizations to ensure their APIs are secure, scalable, and meet the needs of their users.