JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data format that is easy for humans and machines to read and write, making it a popular choice among developers due to its simplicity and ease of use. JSON supports strings, numbers, arrays, boolean, null, and objects as the only data types, following strict syntax rules in coding, storage, and transfer of data. In contrast, XML (Extensible Markup Language) is a markup language that defines what is in a document, whereas HTML tells the browser how to display the data. XML has a tree structure with complex algorithms, making it slower than JSON for data transmission. However, XML offers self-documenting formats and DTD validation, which reduces syntax errors. Both JSON and XML have their own strengths and weaknesses, and developers choose one over the other depending on the type of application, security required, and integration with third-party applications. While JSON is a superset of JavaScript and has faster parsing speeds, XML has a wider range of codes and supports various encodings, making it more versatile in certain contexts. Ultimately, the choice between JSON and XML depends on the specific needs of the project, and both formats have their own unique advantages and disadvantages.