As seed files are scripts that populate a database with initial data, their management requires intentional organization to ensure proper functionality across development, testing, staging, and demo environments. To maintain database seed files, it's essential to separate environments, automate the process, structure by environment, make seeds incremental, and make seeds idempotent. However, seed files can become a source of friction in development due to maintenance overhead, environmental inconsistency, and referential integrity management issues. Alternative approaches like factory bots provide a programmatic alternative to static seed files, addressing these core problems, but may not be suitable for production data initialization or complex data scenarios. Another option is database branching, which allows creating isolated copies of the database that share the same underlying storage but can evolve independently, offering data and schema branches with varying trade-offs.