Neo4j provides robust and granular security, allowing developers and administrators to control access to data at a fine-grained level. This is achieved through role-based access control, where users are assigned roles with specific permissions to read or write certain types of data. The security rules are defined using database and schema information, ensuring consistency across Neo4j databases, clusters, and shards. With Neo4j's identity and access control features, including Kerberos and LDAP, communications with the database take place over a secure binary protocol or HTTPS requests. The graph database simplifies the task of assigning permissions in a graph data structure, empowering security staff to create rules about sensitive data that are applied at the database level. This approach ensures modern applications have embedded security regardless of where data physically resides, making it an effective solution for governance and security critical data.