Meltdown and Spectre are security vulnerabilities affecting almost all modern processors, allowing a malicious program to read data from another program running on the same server. Neo4j is not directly affected by these exploits but can be impacted if deployed on insecure servers or without proper patches. The company has already released patches for its supported operating systems and expects further OS patches and firmware patches to become available over the next weeks and months. Users are advised to apply relevant patches provided by their operating system vendor, testing them before rolling out to production systems. Further research is ongoing into how these vulnerabilities affect Neo4j's security and performance.