The new features introduced in Neo4j 5 allow for more precise type checking and enforcement of data quality. Users can now restrict types allowed to be stored under a property using type constraints, which provide better control over data consistency. The `valueType` function has also been added, allowing users to get the most precise type assigned to a value. Additionally, Neo4j's type normalization process has been improved, making it easier to compare and analyze types. These new features can help improve data quality by enforcing constraints on specific property types, such as integers or strings. Users can try out these features in their own databases using the provided examples and query scripts.