Werner Vogel's keynote at re:Invent 2023 highlighted the importance of cost as a non-functional requirement, emphasizing the need for frugal architecture. The event also saw the official announcement of App Composer in VS Code, allowing users to visualize and design SAM or CloudFormation templates within the platform. Additionally, CloudWatch Application Signals was introduced, providing automated instrumentation for Java applications running on ECS, EKS, and EC2. Amazon Inspector added new capabilities, including continuous monitoring of EC2 instances and AI-assisted code analysis for Lambda functions, although the additional costs may be a concern for some users.