The Telegraf Elasticsearch plugin allows users to monitor the performance of an Elasticsearch node. To begin, a user sets up an InfluxDB sandbox and an Elasticsearch node with Kibana, populating it with data using Kibana's Dev Tools. The user then configures the Telegraf plugin for Elasticsearch by adding its configuration to the telegraf/telegraf.conf file. With the configuration in place, the user navigates to Chronograf, a visualization tool that allows them to construct and run Flux queries to monitor the performance of the Elasticsearch node. This includes visualizing metrics such as documents inserted using the Elasticsearch tutorial, as well as accessing pre-built dashboards for additional critical metrics.