InfluxDB Enterprise clusters consist of two types of nodes: meta nodes, which manage state consistency, and data nodes, where raw time series data is stored. To achieve high availability, a cluster requires an odd number of meta nodes, with at least three being recommended for optimal performance. Data nodes are used to store raw data, while replication factor determines the number of copies of any one shard that should exist. The hardware requirements for meta nodes include 1-2 CPU cores, 512MB-1GB RAM, and a single HDD, whereas data nodes require more powerful hardware with at least 8+ CPU cores, 64+ GB RAM, and SSD drives (>1000 IOPS recommended). Load balancers can be used to distribute incoming requests across the cluster.