Home Assistant is a software that allows users to control and automate home devices, such as cameras, thermostats, lights, and sensors. Docker, on the other hand, is a platform that enables users to create, deploy, and run applications like Home Assistant in containers. Docker makes it easy to set up software without issues related to host system incompatibility. To get Home Assistant running on Docker, one can use the host system's CLI by writing code. The process involves downloading the latest stable release of the Home Assistant container image from Docker Hub, installing and starting the container, opening the Docker app to confirm its status, and finally, accessing the Home Assistant interface. This setup provides an isolated environment for Home Assistant, allowing users to manage it securely and efficiently.