Kapacitor is a tool that can enrich data coming from Telegraf and sending it to InfluxDB by adding computed values such as time periods, allowing for more complex queries on the data. To accomplish this, users need to configure Telegraf to write to Kapacitor instead of directly to InfluxDB, create a TICKscript that processes the data, and then define the task in Kapacitor. The process allows users to add custom business logic to their data without needing to create custom plugins for Telegraf. Kapacitor can be used to filter data based on time periods such as business hours or shift periods, enabling more complex queries on the data.