Cascading permissions with inherited roles in Hasura allows users to define roles in a descriptive way that can be combined across multiple users. This feature enables the creation of roles such as standard user, editor, admin, and super-user by inheriting abilities from existing roles. Inheritance is facilitated through authorization groups where roles are defined with specific permissions for different classes or objects. Multiple roles can inherit from a single role, allowing for efficient management of access rights in enterprise systems. Hasura's console, CLI, and API support role inheritance definitions, making it easy to define well-architected roles.