Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) is an AWS service that enables users to launch resources within their own virtual network. It offers high availability and security by allowing deployment in separate regions and across different Availability Zones. Key components of Amazon VPC include CIDR blocks, subnets, internet gateways, NAT gateways, route tables, and virtual firewalls. Configuring these components properly can help reduce the attack surface while ensuring functionality. Virtual firewalls such as access control lists (ACLs) and security groups provide granular control over traffic in and out of subnets and specific resources within a VPC. Monitoring network activity using tools like Datadog's AWS integration and Cloud SIEM platform can help detect potential attacks and ensure the security of your VPC.