Geo-partitioning is a technique that can improve application performance by keeping data close to users. This method involves attaching data at the row level to a specific location, allowing control over data locality in the database without requiring manual schema changes or complex application logic. By reducing data access latencies, geo-partitioning can enhance user experience and maintain speeds under 100 milliseconds, which is perceived as instantaneous by users. Implementing geo-partitioning can significantly improve application performance, with some cases showing sub-millisecond latency.