Determining precise location of 911 callers remains a challenge, especially for wireless calls. The concept of "dispatchable location" is crucial in emergency response but can be difficult to pinpoint from mobile devices. IoT and over-the-top smartphone applications offer potential solutions by embedding emergency calling into everyday apps and devices, providing more context and information for public safety. VoIP 911 location accuracy is slightly better than wireless but requires careful planning and consideration of both during emergencies.