Direct dependencies are explicitly declared in a project's configuration file, making them visible and controllable. In contrast, transitive dependencies are indirectly introduced by direct dependencies and are often less visible and harder to track. Managing both types of dependencies is crucial for ensuring software security and stability. Effective strategies include specifying dependency versions explicitly, adopting approved versions, leveraging version ranges judiciously, auditing and updating regularly, centralizing artifact management, locking dependencies where possible, and ensuring license compliance. Simplifying dependency management using internal packages can also help reduce complexity. Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tools play a vital role in identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in open-source dependencies by implementing automated real-time scans, leveraging developer-friendly workflows for vulnerability mitigation, effectively prioritizing vulnerabilities, reducing noise, and enforcing security gates with contextual policies. By mastering dependency management through SCA, organizations can reduce risk and accelerate velocity while maintaining a secure and efficient software development practice.