Data complexity refers to the intricacies involved in handling, processing, and understanding data. Factors contributing to data complexity include volume, variety, velocity, and veracity. Organizations must invest in scalable storage solutions, efficient data processing technologies, advanced data integration techniques, and robust data quality management practices to effectively manage complex data. Tools like Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, Informatica Data Quality, Talend Data Preparation, and Acceldata Data Observability Platform can help measure and address these attributes.