In order to effectively detect and investigate security incidents, organizations must prioritize security logging and monitoring. However, common mistakes such as insufficient logging, poor log storage practices, inadequate monitoring and alerting, ignoring log analysis, and lack of log integrity and confidentiality can compromise the effectiveness of these measures. By avoiding these mistakes and implementing best practices, organizations can enhance their security posture and protect themselves against evolving cybersecurity threats. Effective security logging and monitoring requires a combination of automated tools, regular review and update of alerts and thresholds, comprehensive analysis of logs, secure storage and transmission of logs, and strict access controls to prevent unauthorized access. Utilizing resources like OWASP and implementing a modular observability stack can help organizations maintain proactive security controls and improve their overall security posture.