How to enter a formula without a function in Excel

The text discusses the difference between formulas and functions in Excel, highlighting that formulas are mathematical sequences entered to calculate something within a spreadsheet, while functions are preset terms that consolidate one or more actions into a single command. The article explains how to enter formulas without functions, including using cell references, predefined names, and automation tools like Zapier. It also provides tips on when to use manual formula entry versus functions, such as in complex calculations where flexibility is needed.